affaan-m / security-review
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Use this skill when adding authentication, handling user input, working with secrets, creating API endpoints, or implementing payment/sensitive features. Provides comprehensive security checklist and patterns.
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---
name: security-review
description: Use this skill when adding authentication, handling user input, working with secrets, creating API endpoints, or implementing payment/sensitive features. Provides comprehensive security checklist and patterns.
---
# 安全审查技能
此技能确保所有代码遵循安全最佳实践,并识别潜在漏洞。
## 何时激活
* 实现身份验证或授权时
* 处理用户输入或文件上传时
* 创建新的 API 端点时
* 处理密钥或凭据时
* 实现支付功能时
* 存储或传输敏感数据时
* 集成第三方 API 时
## 安全检查清单
### 1. 密钥管理
#### ❌ 绝对不要这样做
```typescript
const apiKey = "sk-proj-xxxxx" // Hardcoded secret
const dbPassword = "password123" // In source code
```
#### ✅ 始终这样做
```typescript
const apiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
const dbUrl = process.env.DATABASE_URL
// Verify secrets exist
if (!apiKey) {
throw new Error('OPENAI_API_KEY not configured')
}
```
#### 验证步骤
* \[ ] 没有硬编码的 API 密钥、令牌或密码
* \[ ] 所有密钥都存储在环境变量中
* \[ ] `.env` 文件在 .gitignore 中
* \[ ] git 历史记录中没有密钥
* \[ ] 生产环境密钥存储在托管平台中(Vercel, Railway)
### 2. 输入验证
#### 始终验证用户输入
```typescript
import { z } from 'zod'
// Define validation schema
const CreateUserSchema = z.object({
email: z.string().email(),
name: z.string().min(1).max(100),
age: z.number().int().min(0).max(150)
})
// Validate before processing
export async function createUser(input: unknown) {
try {
const validated = CreateUserSchema.parse(input)
return await db.users.create(validated)
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
return { success: false, errors: error.errors }
}
throw error
}
}
```
#### 文件上传验证
```typescript
function validateFileUpload(file: File) {
// Size check (5MB max)
const maxSize = 5 * 1024 * 1024
if (file.size > maxSize) {
throw new Error('File too large (max 5MB)')
}
// Type check
const allowedTypes = ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/gif']
if (!allowedTypes.includes(file.type)) {
throw new Error('Invalid file type')
}
// Extension check
const allowedExtensions = ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif']
const extension = file.name.toLowerCase().match(/\.[^.]+$/)?.[0]
if (!extension || !allowedExtensions.includes(extension)) {
throw new Error('Invalid file extension')
}
return true
}
```
#### 验证步骤
* \[ ] 所有用户输入都使用模式进行了验证
* \[ ] 文件上传受到限制(大小、类型、扩展名)
* \[ ] 查询中没有直接使用用户输入
* \[ ] 使用白名单验证(而非黑名单)
* \[ ] 错误消息不会泄露敏感信息
### 3. SQL 注入防护
#### ❌ 绝对不要拼接 SQL
```typescript
// DANGEROUS - SQL Injection vulnerability
const query = `SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '${userEmail}'`
await db.query(query)
```
#### ✅ 始终使用参数化查询
```typescript
// Safe - parameterized query
const { data } = await supabase
.from('users')
.select('*')
.eq('email', userEmail)
// Or with raw SQL
await db.query(
'SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = $1',
[userEmail]
)
```
#### 验证步骤
* \[ ] 所有数据库查询都使用参数化查询
* \[ ] SQL 中没有字符串拼接
* \[ ] 正确使用 ORM/查询构建器
* \[ ] Supabase 查询已正确清理
### 4. 身份验证与授权
#### JWT 令牌处理
```typescript
// ❌ WRONG: localStorage (vulnerable to XSS)
localStorage.setItem('token', token)
// ✅ CORRECT: httpOnly cookies
res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
`token=${token}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict; Max-Age=3600`)
```
#### 授权检查
```typescript
export async function deleteUser(userId: string, requesterId: string) {
// ALWAYS verify authorization first
const requester = await db.users.findUnique({
where: { id: requesterId }
})
if (requester.role !== 'admin') {
return NextResponse.json(
{ error: 'Unauthorized' },
{ status: 403 }
)
}
// Proceed with deletion
await db.users.delete({ where: { id: userId } })
}
```
#### 行级安全(Supabase)
```sql
-- Enable RLS on all tables
ALTER TABLE users ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
-- Users can only view their own data
CREATE POLICY "Users view own data"
ON users FOR SELECT
USING (auth.uid() = id);
-- Users can only update their own data
CREATE POLICY "Users update own data"
ON users FOR UPDATE
USING (auth.uid() = id);
```
#### 验证步骤
* \[ ] 令牌存储在 httpOnly cookie 中(而非 localStorage)
* \[ ] 执行敏感操作前进行授权检查
* \[ ] Supabase 中启用了行级安全
* \[ ] 实现了基于角色的访问控制
* \[ ] 会话管理安全
### 5. XSS 防护
#### 清理 HTML
```typescript
import DOMPurify from 'isomorphic-dompurify'
// ALWAYS sanitize user-provided HTML
function renderUserContent(html: string) {
const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(html, {
ALLOWED_TAGS: ['b', 'i', 'em', 'strong', 'p'],
ALLOWED_ATTR: []
})
return <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: clean }} />
}
```
#### 内容安全策略
```typescript
// next.config.js
const securityHeaders = [
{
key: 'Content-Security-Policy',
value: `
default-src 'self';
script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline';
style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';
img-src 'self' data: https:;
font-src 'self';
connect-src 'self' https://api.example.com;
`.replace(/\s{2,}/g, ' ').trim()
}
]
```
#### 验证步骤
* \[ ] 用户提供的 HTML 已被清理
* \[ ] 已配置 CSP 头部
* \[ ] 没有渲染未经验证的动态内容
* \[ ] 使用了 React 内置的 XSS 防护
### 6. CSRF 防护
#### CSRF 令牌
```typescript
import { csrf } from '@/lib/csrf'
export async function POST(request: Request) {
const token = request.headers.get('X-CSRF-Token')
if (!csrf.verify(token)) {
return NextResponse.json(
{ error: 'Invalid CSRF token' },
{ status: 403 }
)
}
// Process request
}
```
#### SameSite Cookie
```typescript
res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
`session=${sessionId}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict`)
```
#### 验证步骤
* \[ ] 状态变更操作上使用了 CSRF 令牌
* \[ ] 所有 Cookie 都设置了 SameSite=Strict
* \[ ] 实现了双重提交 Cookie 模式
### 7. 速率限制
#### API 速率限制
```typescript
import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit'
const limiter = rateLimit({
windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
max: 100, // 100 requests per window
message: 'Too many requests'
})
// Apply to routes
app.use('/api/', limiter)
```
#### 昂贵操作
```typescript
// Aggressive rate limiting for searches
const searchLimiter = rateLimit({
windowMs: 60 * 1000, // 1 minute
max: 10, // 10 requests per minute
message: 'Too many search requests'
})
app.use('/api/search', searchLimiter)
```
#### 验证步骤
* \[ ] 所有 API 端点都实施了速率限制
* \[ ] 对昂贵操作有更严格的限制
* \[ ] 基于 IP 的速率限制
* \[ ] 基于用户的速率限制(已认证)
### 8. 敏感数据泄露
#### 日志记录
```typescript
// ❌ WRONG: Logging sensitive data
console.log('User login:', { email, password })
console.log('Payment:', { cardNumber, cvv })
// ✅ CORRECT: Redact sensitive data
console.log('User login:', { email, userId })
console.log('Payment:', { last4: card.last4, userId })
```
#### 错误消息
```typescript
// ❌ WRONG: Exposing internal details
catch (error) {
return NextResponse.json(
{ error: error.message, stack: error.stack },
{ status: 500 }
)
}
// ✅ CORRECT: Generic error messages
catch (error) {
console.error('Internal error:', error)
return NextResponse.json(
{ error: 'An error occurred. Please try again.' },
{ status: 500 }
)
}
```
#### 验证步骤
* \[ ] 日志中没有密码、令牌或密钥
* \[ ] 对用户显示通用错误消息
* \[ ] 详细错误信息仅在服务器日志中
* \[ ] 没有向用户暴露堆栈跟踪
### 9. 区块链安全(Solana)
#### 钱包验证
```typescript
import { verify } from '@solana/web3.js'
async function verifyWalletOwnership(
publicKey: string,
signature: string,
message: string
) {
try {
const isValid = verify(
Buffer.from(message),
Buffer.from(signature, 'base64'),
Buffer.from(publicKey, 'base64')
)
return isValid
} catch (error) {
return false
}
}
```
#### 交易验证
```typescript
async function verifyTransaction(transaction: Transaction) {
// Verify recipient
if (transaction.to !== expectedRecipient) {
throw new Error('Invalid recipient')
}
// Verify amount
if (transaction.amount > maxAmount) {
throw new Error('Amount exceeds limit')
}
// Verify user has sufficient balance
const balance = await getBalance(transaction.from)
if (balance < transaction.amount) {
throw new Error('Insufficient balance')
}
return true
}
```
#### 验证步骤
* \[ ] 已验证钱包签名
* \[ ] 已验证交易详情
* \[ ] 交易前检查余额
* \[ ] 没有盲签名交易
### 10. 依赖项安全
#### 定期更新
```bash
# Check for vulnerabilities
npm audit
# Fix automatically fixable issues
npm audit fix
# Update dependencies
npm update
# Check for outdated packages
npm outdated
```
#### 锁定文件
```bash
# ALWAYS commit lock files
git add package-lock.json
# Use in CI/CD for reproducible builds
npm ci # Instead of npm install
```
#### 验证步骤
* \[ ] 依赖项是最新的
* \[ ] 没有已知漏洞(npm audit 检查通过)
* \[ ] 提交了锁定文件
* \[ ] GitHub 上启用了 Dependabot
* \[ ] 定期进行安全更新
## 安全测试
### 自动化安全测试
```typescript
// Test authentication
test('requires authentication', async () => {
const response = await fetch('/api/protected')
expect(response.status).toBe(401)
})
// Test authorization
test('requires admin role', async () => {
const response = await fetch('/api/admin', {
headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${userToken}` }
})
expect(response.status).toBe(403)
})
// Test input validation
test('rejects invalid input', async () => {
const response = await fetch('/api/users', {
method: 'POST',
body: JSON.stringify({ email: 'not-an-email' })
})
expect(response.status).toBe(400)
})
// Test rate limiting
test('enforces rate limits', async () => {
const requests = Array(101).fill(null).map(() =>
fetch('/api/endpoint')
)
const responses = await Promise.all(requests)
const tooManyRequests = responses.filter(r => r.status === 429)
expect(tooManyRequests.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
})
```
## 部署前安全检查清单
在任何生产环境部署前:
* \[ ] **密钥**:没有硬编码的密钥,全部在环境变量中
* \[ ] **输入验证**:所有用户输入都已验证
* \[ ] **SQL 注入**:所有查询都已参数化
* \[ ] **XSS**:用户内容已被清理
* \[ ] **CSRF**:已启用防护
* \[ ] **身份验证**:正确处理令牌
* \[ ] **授权**:已实施角色检查
* \[ ] **速率限制**:所有端点都已启用
* \[ ] **HTTPS**:在生产环境中强制执行
* \[ ] **安全头部**:已配置 CSP、X-Frame-Options
* \[ ] **错误处理**:错误中不包含敏感数据
* \[ ] **日志记录**:日志中不包含敏感数据
* \[ ] **依赖项**:已更新,无漏洞
* \[ ] **行级安全**:Supabase 中已启用
* \[ ] **CORS**:已正确配置
* \[ ] **文件上传**:已验证(大小、类型)
* \[ ] **钱包签名**:已验证(如果涉及区块链)
## 资源
* [OWASP Top 10](https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/)
* [Next.js 安全](https://nextjs.org/docs/security)
* [Supabase 安全](https://supabase.com/docs/guides/auth)
* [Web 安全学院](https://portswigger.net/web-security)
***
**请记住**:安全不是可选项。一个漏洞就可能危及整个平台。如有疑问,请谨慎行事。